| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| A |
| |
| |
An Appeal to Russians |
| Description: |
|
An Appeal to Russians is a passionate address in which Tolstoy urges his fellow countrymen to reject violence, military service, and participation in a corrupt state system. Emphasizing Christian nonresistance and moral responsibility, he calls on individuals to act according to conscience rather than compulsion. |
|
 |
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1906 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The Russian Revolution |
|
| Extent: |
|
12 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
Appeal to Social Reformers |
| Description: |
|
In Appeal to Social Reformers, Tolstoy addresses those seeking to improve society through political or economic change. He argues that reforms based on force, laws, or institutions cannot solve social problems, because they ignore the moral roots of injustice. |
|
 |
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1901 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The Free Age Press (London) |
|
| Extent: |
|
14 |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
Appeal to the Clergy |
| Description: |
|
In Appeal to the Clergy, Tolstoy addresses religious leaders, urging them to reconsider their role and teachings. He accuses the Church of distorting Christ’s message by supporting state power, violence, and ritual instead of true morality. |
|
 |
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1903 |
|
| Reference: |
|
Appeal to the Clergy |
|
| Extent: |
|
15 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Religion, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
The Approach of the End |
| Description: |
|
The Approach of the End is a contemplative essay in which Tolstoy reflects on death, aging, and spiritual readiness. Written in his later years, it expresses his growing awareness of mortality and the need to live in harmony with truth, love, and divine will. |
|
 |
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1896 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 22 |
|
| Extent: |
|
7 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Religion, Philosophy |
|
| |
| |
Apropos of A. I. Ershóv’s Book, “Recollections from Sevastopol |
| Description: |
|
In “Apropos of A. I. Ershóv’s Book, ‘Recollections from Sevastopol,’” Tolstoy critiques romanticized views of war, drawing on his own experience to expose its brutality and senseless suffering. |
|
 |
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1889 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 23 |
|
| Extent: |
|
5 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State, Autobiographical |
|
| |
| |
Are the Peasant Children to Learn to Write from Us? |
| Description: |
|
In this sharp and reflective essay, Tolstoy poses a rhetorical and critical question: Should we, the educated elite, be the ones teaching peasant children to write? He challenges the assumption of cultural superiority held by the upper classes and questions whether the values and methods of elite society are appropriate—or even harmful—for the rural poor. |
|
 |
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1862 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 4 |
|
| Extent: |
|
27 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Pedagogy |
|
| |
| |
Articles and Reports on the Famine |
| Description: |
|
Articles and Reports on the Famine is a collection of Tolstoy’s firsthand journalistic writings during the Russian famine of 1891–1892. In these reports, he documents the severe hunger, poverty, and suffering across rural Russia, while exposing the inefficiency and indifference of government relief efforts. Tolstoy emphasizes that the famine is not merely a natural disaster but a symptom of social injustice and moral decay. |
|
 |
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1891-93 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 19 |
|
| Extent: |
|
39 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
|
| B |
| |
| |
Bethink Yourselves! |
| Description: |
|
Bethink Yourselves! powerful anti-war essay written during the Russo-Japanese War. Tolstoy condemns the war as a tragic result of government power, nationalism, and blind obedience. |
|
 |
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1904 |
|
| Reference: |
|
Bethink Yourselves! (1904) |
|
| Extent: |
|
28 |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
|
| C |
| |
| |
Carthago Delenda Est |
| Description: |
|
“Carthago Delenda Est” is Tolstoy’s forceful denunciation of militarism and state violence. Using the phrase “Carthage must be destroyed” as a symbol of blind hostility, he criticizes governments that perpetuate war and calls for moral awakening, urging individuals to reject violence and uphold principles of peace and conscience. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1898 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 23 |
|
| Extent: |
|
7 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
The Christian Teaching |
| Description: |
|
The Christian Teaching presents Tolstoy’s mature understanding of Christ’s message as a moral guide for life, stripped of church dogma and superstition. He interprets Christianity as a practical code of love, nonviolence, humility, and truth, centered on living according to the Sermon on the Mount. Rejecting miracles, rituals, and institutional authority, Tolstoy focuses on the inner transformation of the individual through conscience and compassion. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1897 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 22 |
|
| Extent: |
|
81 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Pedagogy, Religion |
|
| |
| |
Christianity and Patriotism |
| Description: |
|
Christianity and Patriotism is a philosophical essay in which Tolstoy condemns patriotism as a false and destructive ideology incompatible with the teachings of Christ. He argues that true Christianity promotes universal love, peace, and brotherhood, while patriotism fosters division, violence, and war between nations. Tolstoy calls on individuals to reject national pride and military service in favor of moral conscience and compassion for all humanity. |
|
 |
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1894 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 20 |
|
| Extent: |
|
45 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Philosophy, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
Church and State |
| Description: |
|
In Church and State, Tolstoy strongly denounces the union between religious institutions and government power, arguing that the Church has betrayed the teachings of Christ by supporting violence, war, and inequality. He contends that true Christianity is incompatible with any alliance to political authority and must be based solely on love, peace, and individual conscience. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1882 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 23 |
|
| Extent: |
|
p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Religion, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
The Crisis in Russia |
| Description: |
|
|
|
 |
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1906 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The End of the Age |
|
| Extent: |
|
8 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
The Critique of Dogmatic Theology |
| Description: |
|
In The Critique of Dogmatic Theology, Leo Tolstoy offers a powerful and systematic rejection of orthodox Christian doctrine, especially as presented by the Russian Orthodox Church. Drawing on the Gospels, especially the teachings of Jesus, he argues that institutional religion has distorted the true moral and spiritual message of Christianity.
He condemns dogmas such as the Trinity, original sin, and eternal punishment as incompatible with reason and Christ’s teachings. The essay reflects Tolstoy’s commitment to a rational, ethical, and nonviolent interpretation of Christianity, forming the basis of his later religious philosophy and Christian anarchism. |
|
 |
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1881-82 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 13 |
|
| Extent: |
|
228 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Religion, Philosophy |
|
| |
| |
|
| D |
| |
| |
Demands of Love and Reason |
| Description: |
|
In The Demands of Love and Reason, Tolstoy argues that both human reason and the moral law of love lead to the same conclusion: one must reject violence, injustice, and participation in systems of coercion. |
|
 |
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1902 |
|
| Reference: |
|
Demands of Love and Reason |
|
| Extent: |
|
12 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Philosophy |
|
| |
| |
|
| E |
| |
| |
Education and Culture |
| Description: |
|
In Education and Culture, Tolstoy challenges conventional views that equate formal education with true cultural development. He argues that genuine culture arises organically from the life and values of the people, not from imposed systems or academic instruction. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1862 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 4 |
|
| Extent: |
|
30 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Art, Pedagogy |
|
| |
| |
The End of the Age
(An Essay on the Approaching Revolution) |
| Description: |
|
|
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1906 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The End of the Age |
|
| Extent: |
|
26 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
Epilogue to Drozhzhin's Life and Death |
| Description: |
|
|
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1895 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 19 |
|
| Extent: |
|
15 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Religion |
|
| |
| |
Extracts (From Unpublished Diaries, Undated Letters, Etc.) |
| Description: |
|
The Demands of Love; Tolstóyism; |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
--- |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 23 |
|
| Extent: |
|
24 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State, Religion, Autobiographical |
|
| |
| |
|
| F |
| |
| |
Famine or No Famine |
| Description: |
|
Famine or No Famine is a brief but forceful essay in which Tolstoy challenges official claims that the widespread hunger in Russia was exaggerated or nonexistent. Drawing on firsthand observation, he exposes the suffering of peasants and condemns the government’s denial and indifference. Tolstoy argues that famine is not merely a natural disaster but a moral and social failure, caused by greed, inequality, and neglect of the poor. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1898 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 22 |
|
| Extent: |
|
13 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
The First Step |
| Description: |
|
The First Step is an essay in which Tolstoy explores the idea that moral progress begins with the rejection of violence against animals, specifically through vegetarianism. He argues that killing animals for food contradicts the principles of love, compassion, and nonviolence taught by Christ. For Tolstoy, abstaining from meat is not only a dietary choice but a moral imperative, representing the "first step" toward a life of righteousness. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1892 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 19 |
|
| Extent: |
|
25 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Religion, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
The Four Gospels Harmonized and Translated |
| Description: |
|
The Four Gospels Harmonized and Translated is Leo Tolstoy’s bold attempt to reconstruct the life and teachings of Jesus by merging the canonical Gospels into a single, continuous narrative. He removes what he saw as later church distortions and focuses on five key commandments of Christ, such as resisting evil, rejecting violence, and living simply. |
|
 |
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1881–82 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 14, 15 |
|
| Extent: |
|
989 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Religion |
|
| |
| |
|
| G |
| |
| |
God or Mammon? |
| Description: |
|
The author denounces greed, social inequality, and the hypocrisy of society, calling for a simple, honest life grounded in love, conscience, and adherence to Christian ideals. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1895 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 23 |
|
| Extent: |
|
6 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
A Great Iniquity |
| Description: |
|
A Great Iniquity is Tolstoy’s condemnation of war, state violence, and social injustice, especially in the context of early 20th-century Russia. He argues that the greatest evil lies in organized violence justified by governments, which corrupts both individuals and society. |
|
 |
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1905 |
|
| Reference: |
|
A Great Iniquity |
|
| Extent: |
|
54 |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
|
| H |
| |
| |
Help! |
| Description: |
|
Help! is a brief but passionate essay by Tolstoy written during his active humanitarian period. In it, he calls on readers to recognize their moral duty to aid those in need, especially the poor and suffering. Tolstoy criticizes the indifference of the wealthy and institutions, arguing that true help arises not from charity or pity but from genuine compassion and personal sacrifice. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1896 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 22 |
|
| Extent: |
|
4 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
The Holiday of Enlightenment of the 12th of January |
| Description: |
|
The Holiday of Enlightenment of the 12th of January is Tolstoy’s critical reflection on an official Russian celebration meant to honor education and culture. Rather than praising the event, Tolstoy uses it to expose the gap between ceremonial rhetoric and the reality of widespread ignorance and inequality. He argues that true enlightenment is not achieved through state pomp or elite gatherings, but through free, accessible, and moral education for all, especially the poor. |
|
 |
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1889 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 17 |
|
| Extent: |
|
4 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
How to Read the Gospel, and What Is Its Essence |
| Description: |
|
How to Read the Gospel, and What Is Its Essence is Tolstoy’s reflective guide to understanding the true meaning of the Gospels. He urges readers to approach Scripture not as church dogma or divine mystery, but as a practical moral teaching revealed through the life and words of Jesus. Tolstoy focuses on Christ’s commandments of love, humility, forgiveness, and nonresistance to evil, arguing that these principles form the heart of authentic Christianity. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1896 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 22 |
|
| Extent: |
|
3 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Religion |
|
| |
| |
|
| I |
| |
| |
The Inevitable Revolution |
| Description: |
|
The Inevitable Revolution is Tolstoy’s reflection on the coming transformation of society. He argues that true revolution is not political or violent, but moral and spiritual, arising from a growing awareness of the injustice and falsehood of existing systems. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1909 |
|
| Reference: |
|
|
|
| Extent: |
|
19 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
Introductions to Books |
| Description: |
|
Includes: A. Stockham’s Tokology; Amiel’s Diary; S. T. Seménov’s Peasant Stories; Works of Guy de Maupassant; |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1890-94 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 20 |
|
| Extent: |
|
22 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Art Philosophy |
|
| |
| |
Introduction to the Collected Articles, What Is the Truth in Art? |
| Description: |
|
In Introduction to the Collected Articles, What Is the Truth in Art, Tolstoy outlines his belief that the purpose of art is to communicate sincere emotion that fosters moral and spiritual unity among people. Rejecting the formalism and elitism of much contemporary art, he argues that truth in art lies not in beauty for its own sake, but in ethical content and universal accessibility. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1887 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 17 |
|
| Extent: |
|
2 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Art |
|
| |
| |
Introduction to T. M. Bondarev’s Teaching |
| Description: |
|
In Introduction to T. M. Bondarev’s Teaching, Tolstoy presents and praises the ideas of Timofei Bondarev, a self-taught peasant philosopher who wrote about the moral and social necessity of physical labor. Tolstoy highlights Bondarev’s central belief that all able-bodied people must work with their hands and that exploitation occurs when some live off the labor of others. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1888 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 17 |
|
| Extent: |
|
11 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Pedagogy |
|
| |
| |
Introduction to W. von Polenz’s “Der Büttnerbauer” |
| Description: |
|
|
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1902 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 23 |
|
| Extent: |
|
6 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Art |
|
| |
| |
|
| J |
| |
|
| K |
| |
The Kingdom of God Is within You |
| Description: |
|
The Kingdom of God Is Within You is the most influential work of Christian anarchism. It might be considered the founding work of that tradition if it didn’t itself claim to merely be pointing out Christian anarchism as the plain meaning of the gospels. Tolstoy argues that institutional Christianity with its doctrines, church hierarchies, and ritual practices, is anti-Christian. Christ, he says, explicitly told his followers to reject doctrines, church institutions and hierarchies, and ritual practices, and instead to love truth, to honor God, and to treat all people as your family and as you would want to be treated. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1893 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 20 |
|
| Extent: |
|
243 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Religion |
|
| |
| |
|
| L |
| |
| |
The Law of Violence and the Law of Love |
| Description: |
|
The Law of Violence and the Law of Love is one of Tolstoy’s most important late works, contrasting two opposing principles: violence, which underlies states, armies, and authority, and love, taught by Christ as the true law of life. |
|
 |
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1909 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The Law of Violence and the Law of Love |
|
| Extent: |
|
45 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State, Religion, Philosophy |
|
| |
| |
Letter to a Chinese Gentleman |
| Description: |
|
In Letter to a Chinese Gentleman, Tolstoy responds to a question from a Chinese seeker about the essence of true religion and morality. He explains that genuine religion is not bound to rituals or institutions, but is universal and rooted in love, truth, compassion, and nonviolence. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1906 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The Russian Revolution |
|
| Extent: |
|
9 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
Letter to a Frenchman |
| Description: |
|
Leo Tolstoy's Letter to Romain Rolland argues that in corrupt "civilized" society, sincere people must prioritize manual labor to avoid exploiting others, while viewing most intellectual/artistic pursuits as often useless or privileged. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1889 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 17 |
|
| Extent: |
|
7 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
Letter to a Hindu |
| Description: |
|
“Letter to a Hindu” is Tolstoy’s appeal for India’s liberation through nonviolent resistance. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1908 |
|
| Reference: |
|
|
|
| Extent: |
|
12 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
Letter to Ernest Howard Crosby (On Non-Resistance) |
| Description: |
|
Letter to Ernest Howard Crosby is Tolstoy’s response to the American reformer and pacifist Ernest Crosby, expanding on his views of nonviolence, moral duty, and Christian ethics. In the letter, Tolstoy denounces war, government coercion, and social hypocrisy, arguing that true progress depends on individuals living by Christ’s commandment of love and nonresistance to evil. He praises Crosby’s dedication to peace while urging him to remain steadfast against public opinion and institutional pressure. The letter stands as a concise and heartfelt expression of Tolstoy’s universal pacifism and his belief in the transformative power of moral example. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1896 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 20 |
|
| Extent: |
|
8 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
Letter to N. N. (To Engelhard) |
| Description: |
|
Letter to N. N. (To Engelhard) is a personal correspondence in which Tolstoy responds to questions or reflections from his acquaintance N. N. Engelhard. The letter discusses moral responsibility, the purpose of life, and the practical application of Christian principles. Tolstoy emphasizes living truthfully, rejecting violence and material excess, and focusing on love and service to others. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1887 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 17 |
|
| Extent: |
|
12 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Religion, Philosophy |
|
| |
| |
Letter to the Chief of the IrkIjtsk Disciplinary Battalion |
| Description: |
|
|
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1896 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 22 |
|
| Extent: |
|
2 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
Letters on and to the Dukhobors |
| Description: |
|
An open letter from 1895 describing the persecution of the Doukhobors, based on information reported to Tolstoy by D. A. Khilkov. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1895-1900 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 23 |
|
| Extent: |
|
26 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
Letters on the Famine |
| Description: |
|
Letters on the Famine is a series of writings by Tolstoy during the devastating Russian famine of 1891–1892. In these letters, he reports on the suffering of peasants, criticizes government inaction, and urges moral and practical responsibility among the wealthy and educated. Tolstoy organized large-scale relief efforts, raising funds and distributing food, but also used his letters to express his conviction that true charity lies in justice and compassion, not pity or bureaucracy. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1892 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 19 |
|
| Extent: |
|
35 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
Letters On War |
| Description: |
|
Letters on War is a series of writings in which Tolstoy condemns war as a moral crime and a product of state power and deception. |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1900 |
|
| Reference: |
|
Pamphlets |
|
| Extent: |
|
17 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
Letters to Friends on the Personal Christian Life |
| Description: |
|
Letters to Friends on the Personal Christian Life is a collection of Tolstoy’s letters discussing how to live according to true Christian principles in everyday life. He emphasizes inner faith, love, humility, and nonviolence, rejecting church rituals and external authority. Tolstoy encourages individuals to follow their conscience and the teachings of Christ directly, focusing on personal moral responsibility rather than institutional religion. |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1900 |
|
| Reference: |
|
Pamphlets |
|
| Extent: |
|
32 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Religion |
|
| |
| |
Letters to Various Persons |
| Description: |
|
On the Deception of the Church; Three Phases of Life; The Commune and the World; Concerning the Congress of Peace; Letter to A. V. Vlásov; Letter to a Corporal; Who Is to Blame?; On Suicide; A Message to the American People; Three Letters on Reason, Faith, and Prayer; To the Tsar and His Associates; Three Letters Concerning Shopov; The Tolstóy Society of Manchester, England; Letter to an Orthodox Priest; Letter to a French Pastor; On the Franco-Russian Alliance; On the Street Riots; Expressions on the Kishinév Tragedy; Letters since January, 1902; |
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|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1886-1903 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 23 |
|
| Extent: |
|
76 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State, Religion, Autobiographical |
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| |
| |
Love One Another |
| Description: |
|
In Love One Another, Tolstoy emphasizes the central Christian commandment of love as the foundation of all moral life. |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1907–1908 |
|
| Reference: |
|
|
|
| Extent: |
|
6 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Religion |
|
| |
| |
|
| M |
| |
| |
The Meaning of the Russian Revolution |
| Description: |
|
The Meaning of the Russian Revolution is Tolstoy’s interpretation of the 1905 revolutionary events in Russia. He views the revolution not merely as a political upheaval but as a moral and spiritual crisis, revealing the injustice of both autocracy and violent resistance. Tolstoy rejects all forms of violence—state or revolutionary—and urges a transformation through conscience, love, and nonviolence. |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1906 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The Russian Revolution |
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| Extent: |
|
39 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
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| |
| |
Modern Science |
| Description: |
|
In Modern Science, Tolstoy criticizes contemporary science for being detached from moral purpose and human needs. He argues that scientific progress often serves power, wealth, and abstract curiosity, rather than improving the lives of ordinary people. |
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 |
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1897 |
|
| Reference: |
|
Modern Science |
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| Extent: |
|
6 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State, Philosophy |
|
| |
| |
My Confession |
| Description: |
|
My Confession is Tolstoy’s deeply personal spiritual autobiography, in which he reflects on his existential crisis during midlife. Despite fame and literary success, he found himself haunted by the question: “What is the meaning of life?” Struggling with despair and thoughts of suicide, Tolstoy turned away from the Church and intellectual philosophy, ultimately discovering purpose in the faith and simplicity of the common people. |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1879–82 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 13 |
|
| Extent: |
|
50 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Religion, Philosophy, Autobiographical |
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| |
| |
My Religion |
| Description: |
|
My Religion is Tolstoy’s bold declaration of his personal faith, written after a deep spiritual crisis. Rejecting the doctrines of the Orthodox Church, he embraces the moral teachings of Jesus—especially the command to resist not evil—as the core of true Christianity. He calls for nonviolence, love for all people, rejection of war, oaths, and state authority. The book articulates the foundation of Tolstoy’s Christian anarchism and his belief that living according to Christ’s Sermon on the Mount is the only path to spiritual truth. Its radical message influenced pacifists worldwide, including Gandhi. |
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 |
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
January 22, 1884 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 16 |
|
| Extent: |
|
137 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Religion, Philosophy, Autobiographical |
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| |
| |
My Reply To The Synod's Edict Of Excommunication And To Letters Concerning It |
| Description: |
|
In this reply, Tolstoy responds to his excommunication by the Russian Orthodox Church, firmly rejecting its authority while affirming his commitment to the teachings of Christ. |
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 |
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1901 |
|
| Reference: |
|
My Reply To The Synod's Edict Of Excommunication And To Letters Concerning It |
|
| Extent: |
|
4 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State, Religion |
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| |
| |
|
| N |
| |
| |
Need It Be So? |
| Description: |
|
An 1900 article in eight chapters on the root cause of the people’s suffering. |
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|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1900 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 23 |
|
| Extent: |
|
19 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
The Non-Acting |
| Description: |
|
“The Non-Acting” presents Tolstoy’s idea that true moral action often lies in refraining from participation in evil. He argues that individuals should resist injustice not through force, but by consciously refusing to take part in violence, coercion, or wrongdoing, emphasizing personal responsibility and ethical self-restraint. |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1893 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 23 |
|
| Extent: |
|
12 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
|
| O |
| |
| |
The Officers’ Memento |
| Description: |
|
An 1901 article calling on officers to renounce the criminality of military service. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1901 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 23 |
|
| Extent: |
|
6 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
On Insanity |
| Description: |
|
This article represents the fulfillment of Tolstoy’s long-standing idea: to write about the “madness of the world’s structure,” which arose in 1907 and found expression in the articles “A Newspaper Issue” (1909) and “On Madness” (1910). The immediate occasion for this article was a letter from Labkovskaya concerning the question of suicide, to which Tolstoy replied on March 19–25, 1910. The article’s original title was indeed “On Suicide.”
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|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1909 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. |
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| Extent: |
|
p. |
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| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
On Labor And Luxury |
| Description: |
|
In On Labor and Luxury, Tolstoy contrasts the honest, necessary labor of the poor with the idle, excessive lifestyle of the wealthy. He argues that luxury is sustained by the exploitation of others and leads to moral corruption and spiritual emptiness. |
|
 |
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1887 |
|
| Reference: |
|
What To Do? |
|
| Extent: |
|
8 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
On Life |
| Description: |
|
On Life is a philosophical treatise in which Tolstoy examines the purpose and meaning of human existence. Rejecting materialism, self-interest, and institutional religion, he argues that true life is found in unity with the divine will, expressed through love, selflessness, and service to others. Tolstoy distinguishes between the “animal life” of bodily desires and the “true life” of the spirit. |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1888 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 16 |
|
| Extent: |
|
106 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Religion, Philosophy |
|
| |
| |
On Methods of Teaching the Rudiments |
| Description: |
|
On Methods of Teaching the Rudiments is one of Tolstoy’s key educational essays, in which he reflects on how best to teach basic literacy—reading and writing—to children, especially in rural schools. Based on his hands-on experience at his peasant school in Yasnaya Polyana, Tolstoy advocates for a natural, flexible, and student-led approach rather than rigid, rote memorization. |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1862 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 4 |
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| Extent: |
|
17 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Pedagogy |
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| |
| |
On Popular Education |
| Description: |
|
On Popular Education is an essay in which Tolstoy outlines his progressive and then-radical views on education for the Russian peasantry. Drawing on his own experience founding and teaching at a school for peasant children at his Yasnaya Polyana estate, Tolstoy argues that true education must be voluntary, free from coercion, and tailored to the interests and needs of the people.
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|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1862 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 4 |
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| Extent: |
|
19 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Pedagogy |
|
| |
| |
On Popular Education |
| Description: |
|
On Popular Education is a foundational essay in which Leo Tolstoy challenges the structure and purpose of state-run education. Drawing from his experience teaching peasant children, he argues that true education must be voluntary, free, and adapted to the lives of the people it serves. He opposes rigid curriculums and top-down authority in favor of freedom, creativity, and mutual respect between teacher and student. |
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 |
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1875 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 12 |
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| Extent: |
|
44 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Pedagogy |
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| |
| |
On Religious Toleration |
| Description: |
|
An 1901 article in five chapters, prompted by a speech by Stakhovich at a missionary congress in September 1901 in the city of Oryol. |
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|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1902 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 23 |
|
| Extent: |
|
7 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State, Religion |
|
| |
| |
On the Meaning of Life |
| Description: |
|
On the Meaning of Life is a concise but profound statement of Tolstoy’s mature philosophy, drawn from his later writings. In it, he argues that life’s meaning cannot be found in wealth, fame, or pleasure, but only in living according to love, moral truth, and service to others. He rejects institutional religion, advocating instead for a personal faith grounded in the teachings of Jesus and the unity of all people. |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1885-1900 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 16 |
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| Extent: |
|
30 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Religion, Philosophy |
|
| |
| |
On the Moscow Census |
| Description: |
|
On the Moscow Census is Tolstoy’s reflective account of his participation in the 1882 Moscow census. Assigned to survey one of the city’s poorest districts, he was confronted with shocking poverty, overcrowding, and human suffering. The experience led him to question the effectiveness of statistical studies that fail to address the causes of misery. The essay blends firsthand observation, moral questioning, and social criticism, laying the groundwork for his later works on poverty and moral duty, including What Shall We Do Then?. |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1882 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 17 |
|
| Extent: |
|
8 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
On the Relation Between the Sexes |
| Description: |
|
On the Relation Between the Sexes is a moral and philosophical essay in which Tolstoy reflects on the ethical dimensions of sexual relationships and the institution of marriage. Written during his later, ascetic period, the essay condemns sensual indulgence and advocates for chastity, self-control, and spiritual purity. Tolstoy argues that lust corrupts both personal integrity and social harmony, calling for a higher, love-based understanding of human relations. |
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 |
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
188_- 1890 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 18 |
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| Extent: |
|
41 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Philosophy, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
On the Relation to the State |
| Description: |
|
Letter to Eugen Heinrich Schmitt; Letter to the Liberals; Letter to the Editor of the Daily Chronicle; |
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|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1894-96 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 22 |
|
| Extent: |
|
15 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Philosophy, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
On the Significance of Science and Art |
| Description: |
|
In On the Significance of Science and Art, Tolstoy examines the true purpose of intellectual and artistic activity. He criticizes both science and art when they are detached from moral meaning and serve only curiosity, pleasure, or elite interests. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1887 |
|
| Reference: |
|
What To Do? |
|
| Extent: |
|
44 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Art |
|
| |
| |
The Only Means |
| Description: |
|
An article from 1901, in nine chapters, written in the form of a message from the Russian working people to the ruling classes. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1901 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 23 |
|
| Extent: |
|
14 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
|
| P |
| |
| |
Patriotism and Government |
| Description: |
|
Patriotism and Government is a strong critique of nationalism and state power, in which Tolstoy argues that patriotism is not a virtue but a harmful illusion used to justify war and division. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1900 |
|
| Reference: |
|
Pamphlets |
|
| Extent: |
|
17 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
Patriotism or Peace (Letter to Manson) |
| Description: |
|
Patriotism or Peace? Letter to Manson is a short but powerful letter in which Tolstoy expands on his condemnation of patriotism as a cause of war and moral corruption. Written to his English correspondent, Ernest Howard Crosby (sometimes cited as “Manson”), Tolstoy argues that true Christianity is incompatible with national pride or military service. He insists that loyalty to humanity and divine love must replace loyalty to any one nation. |
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|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1896 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 20 |
|
| Extent: |
|
7 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
Preface to Carpenter’s Article, “Modern Science” |
| Description: |
|
In “Preface to Carpenter’s Article, ‘Modern Science,’” Tolstoy criticizes contemporary science for neglecting moral and spiritual questions. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1898 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 23 |
|
| Extent: |
|
7 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State, Philosophy |
|
| |
| |
Progress and the Definition of Education |
| Description: |
|
In Progress and the Definition of Education, Tolstoy critically examines what is meant by "progress" in society and how education is often wrongly used to enforce narrow or elitist notions of advancement. He argues that education should not be defined by the standards of the upper classes or by blind faith in technological or institutional development. |
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|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1862 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 4 |
|
| Extent: |
|
24 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Pedagogy |
|
| |
| |
A Project of a General Plan for the Establishment of Popular Schools |
| Description: |
|
In this essay, Tolstoy presents a practical and philosophical proposal for creating a system of popular (public) schools for Russia’s rural population. Based on his work at his experimental school in Yasnaya Polyana, Tolstoy outlines a non-coercive, decentralized, and flexible model of education that prioritizes the freedom and individuality of both teachers and students. |
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|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1862 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 4 |
|
| Extent: |
|
28 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Pedagogy |
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| |
| |
|
| Q |
| |
|
| R |
| |
| |
Reason and Religion |
| Description: |
|
Reason and Religion is an essay in which Tolstoy examines the conflict between rational understanding and organized religion. He argues that true faith must align with reason and moral conscience, not blind obedience to church dogma or superstition. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1896 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 20 |
|
| Extent: |
|
4 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Religion, Philosophy |
|
| |
| |
Religion and Morality |
| Description: |
|
The essay argues that “religion” is each person’s felt relationship to the infinite and that any genuine morality grows from that relationship; to divorce the two is impossible. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1894 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 19 |
|
| Extent: |
|
16 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Religion, Philosophy |
|
| |
| |
The Root of the Evil |
| Description: |
|
The Root of the Evil is Tolstoy’s analysis of the fundamental cause of human suffering and injustice. He argues that the true source of evil lies in people’s willingness to participate in systems based on violence, authority, and false beliefs, especially those upheld by the state and society. |
|
 |
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1901 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The Root of the Evil |
|
| Extent: |
|
16 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
|
| S |
| |
| |
The School at Yásnaya Polyána |
| Description: |
|
The School at Yásnaya Polyána is an essay in which Tolstoy describes the founding, philosophy, and daily operations of the free school he established for peasant children on his estate at Yasnaya Polyana.
Rejecting traditional, authoritarian education methods, Tolstoy promoted a non-coercive, student-centered approach, where children learned voluntarily and creatively. The school allowed for freedom of choice, open discussion, moral development, and a curriculum responsive to the children’s interests. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1862 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 4 |
|
| Extent: |
|
104 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Pedagogy |
|
| |
| |
Shame! |
| Description: |
|
“Shame!” is Tolstoy’s passionate condemnation of social injustice and state violence. He denounces executions, oppression, and the moral indifference of society, calling them a disgrace to humanity and Christianity. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1895 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 23 |
|
| Extent: |
|
5 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
The Slavery of Our Time |
| Description: |
|
The Slavery of Our Time is Tolstoy’s passionate denunciation of modern economic and social inequality. He argues that industrial labor, poverty, and dependence on money have created a new form of slavery—less visible but just as cruel as the old. Tolstoy contends that this slavery persists because society accepts the exploitation of workers as normal. He calls for simplicity, honest labor, and moral awakening, urging people to live according to Christ’s commandment of love rather than greed. |
|
 |
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1900 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 24 |
|
| Extent: |
|
46 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Philosophy, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
The Soldiers’ Memento |
| Description: |
|
An 1901 article urging soldiers to refuse military service, written in opposition to the official patriotic and monarchist “Soldier’s Manual” compiled by General M. Dragomirov. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1901 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 23 |
|
| Extent: |
|
4 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
Some Social Remedies |
| Description: |
|
In Some Social Remedies, Tolstoy examines proposed solutions to social injustice and inequality, rejecting reforms based on laws, institutions, or political programs. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1900 |
|
| Reference: |
|
Pamphlets |
|
| Extent: |
|
17 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
Stop and think! (also A letter on the Peace Conference) |
| Description: |
|
Stop and Think! is a forceful anti-war appeal in which Tolstoy urges people to pause and examine the moral meaning of obedience, patriotism, and violence. Written during a time of war and political unrest, the essay argues that people commit terrible acts because they follow custom and authority without listening to conscience. |
|
 |
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1899 |
|
| Reference: |
|
Stop and think! (also A letter on the Peace Conference) |
|
| Extent: |
|
4 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
Superstition of the State |
| Description: |
|
The Superstition of the State is a sharp critique of the belief in the necessity and authority of government. Tolstoy argues that the state is maintained by violence, coercion, and illusion, yet people accept it as natural and inevitable. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1905 |
|
| Reference: |
|
|
|
| Extent: |
|
17 |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
|
| T |
| |
| |
Teaching of the Twelve Apostles |
| Description: |
|
Teaching of the Twelve Apostles, also known as the Didache, is an early Christian text outlining moral instructions, communal practices, and spiritual guidance. Tolstoy translated and commented on this work because he saw in it a clear, practical expression of Christ’s original teachings—simple, peaceful, and rooted in love and nonviolence. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1885 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 19 |
|
| Extent: |
|
5 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Religion |
|
| |
| |
Thou Shalt Not Kill |
| Description: |
|
“Thou Shalt Not Kill” is a philosophical treatise in which Leo Tolstoy sharply condemns all violence and killing, including that sanctioned by the state. |
|
|
PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
|
1900 |
|
| Reference: |
|
The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 23 |
|
| Extent: |
|
5 p. |
|
| Tags: |
|
Non-fiction, Society & State |
|
| |
| |
Thoughts and Aphorisms |
| Description: |
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Thoughts and Aphorisms is a collection of brief reflections drawn from Tolstoy’s journals, letters, and essays. Covering themes such as truth, love, humility, faith, death, and the meaning of life, these concise entries express his mature moral and spiritual philosophy. |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
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1886-93 |
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| Reference: |
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The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 19 |
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| Extent: |
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88 p. |
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| Tags: |
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Non-fiction, Philosophy, Autobiographical |
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Thoughts on Education and Instruction |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
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1887-1901 |
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| Reference: |
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The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 23 |
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| Extent: |
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16 p. |
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| Tags: |
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Non-fiction, Pedagogy, Autobiographical |
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Thoughts on God |
| Description: |
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Thoughts on God is a collection of Tolstoy’s brief reflections, drawn from his diaries, essays, and letters, expressing his mature understanding of God, faith, and moral duty. Rather than focusing on dogma, Tolstoy presents God as the spiritual essence present in all life, accessible through love, truth, and selflessness. |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
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1885-1900 |
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| Reference: |
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The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 16 |
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| Extent: |
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16 p. |
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| Tags: |
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Non-fiction, Religion, Philosophy |
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To N. N. Ge’s (Gay’s) Painting |
| Description: |
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In “To N. N. Ge’s Painting (Christ’s Last Discourse with His Disciples),” Tolstoy reflects on the spiritual depth of Ge’s work, emphasizing Christ’s teaching of love, humility, and unity. He interprets the scene as a call to inner moral transformation and sincere faith, contrasting true Christianity with formal, external religiosity. |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
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1886 |
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| Reference: |
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The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 23 |
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| Extent: |
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3 p. |
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| Tags: |
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Non-fiction, Religion, Art |
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To the Dear Youth |
| Description: |
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To the Dear Youth is a short moral letter in which Tolstoy addresses young people directly, urging them to live with integrity, kindness, and a sense of moral responsibility. He warns against the temptations of vanity, selfish ambition, and materialism, encouraging a life guided by truth, compassion, and service to others. |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
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1886 |
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| Reference: |
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The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 17 |
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| Extent: |
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4 p. |
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| Tags: |
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Non-fiction, Religion, Society & State |
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To the Working People |
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To the Working People is a heartfelt appeal in which Tolstoy addresses the laboring classes directly, urging them to recognize the injustice of exploitation and the false promises of political and economic systems. He argues that true liberation cannot come through violence or revolution, but through moral awakening, self-reliance, and mutual love. Tolstoy encourages workers to reject hatred and revenge, instead embracing the teachings of Christ—especially nonresistance to evil and compassion for all. |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
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1902 |
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| Reference: |
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The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 24 |
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| Extent: |
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25 p. |
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| Tags: |
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Non-fiction, Society & State |
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To Women |
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In To Women, Tolstoy addresses women directly, emphasizing their moral influence and responsibility in shaping society. |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
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1887 |
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| Reference: |
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What To Do? |
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| Extent: |
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5 p. |
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| Tags: |
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Non-fiction, Society & State |
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Tolstoy on Shakespeare. A Critical Essay on Shakespeare |
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In Tolstoy on Shakespeare, Tolstoy delivers a sharp critique of William Shakespeare’s works, rejecting their reputation as masterpieces. He argues that Shakespeare’s plays are artificial, exaggerated, and lacking moral purpose, and that their fame is sustained by uncritical admiration. |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
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1906 |
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| Reference: |
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Tolstoy on Shakespeare. A Critical Essay on Shakespeare |
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| Extent: |
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61 p. |
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| Tags: |
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Non-fiction, Art |
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Tolstoy's Diaries, Vol. 1 (1847-1894) |
| Description: |
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Edited and translated by R.F. Christian |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
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1847-94 |
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| Reference: |
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Tolstoy's Diaries, Vol. 1 (1847-1894) |
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| Extent: |
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497 p. |
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| Tags: |
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Non-fiction, Autobiographical |
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Tolstoy’s Diaries, Vol. 2 (1895-1910) |
| Description: |
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Edited and translated by R.F. Christian |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
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1895-1910 |
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| Reference: |
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Tolstoy’s Diaries, Vol. 2 (1895-1910) |
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| Extent: |
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477 p. |
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| Tags: |
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Non-fiction, Autobiographical |
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Tolstoy’s Letters Vol. 1 (1828-1879) |
| Description: |
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Edited and translated by R.F. Christian |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
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1828-79 |
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| Reference: |
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Tolstoy’s Letters Vol. 1 (1828-1879) |
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| Extent: |
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372 p. |
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| Tags: |
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Non-fiction, Autobiographical |
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Tolstoy’s Letters Vol. 2 (1880-1910 ) |
| Description: |
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Edited and translated by R.F. Christian |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
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1880-1910 |
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| Reference: |
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Tolstoy’s Letters Vol. 2 (1880-1910 ) |
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| Extent: |
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416 p. |
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| Tags: |
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Non-fiction, Autobiographical |
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Two Letters on Orthodoxy |
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Two Letters on Orthodoxy contains Tolstoy’s critical reflections on the Russian Orthodox Church following his excommunication. |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
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1904 |
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| Reference: |
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Two Letters on Orthodoxy |
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| Extent: |
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4 p. |
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| Tags: |
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Non-fiction, Religion |
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Two Wars |
| Description: |
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An 1898 article condemning the senselessness and horror of the imperialist Spanish–American and Anglo–Boer wars. |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
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1898 |
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| Reference: |
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The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 23 |
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| Extent: |
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4 p. |
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| Tags: |
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Non-fiction, Society & State |
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What a Christian May Do, and What Not |
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What a Christian May Do, and What Not is a brief but direct statement of Tolstoy’s moral interpretation of Christianity. He rejects church dogma and focuses on the practical application of Christ’s teachings, especially the Sermon on the Mount. |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
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1887 |
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| Reference: |
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The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 17 |
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| Extent: |
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3 p. |
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| Tags: |
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Non-fiction, Society & State |
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What Is Art? |
| Description: |
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What Is Art? is Tolstoy’s influential treatise on aesthetics, in which he rejects the elitism and artificiality of modern art. He argues that true art is sincere, morally uplifting, and accessible to all people, not just the privileged. For Tolstoy, the value of art lies in its ability to communicate genuine human emotion and promote love, unity, and moral progress. He condemns works that serve vanity or sensual pleasure, calling instead for art that inspires goodness and compassion. |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
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1897 |
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| Reference: |
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The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 22 |
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| Extent: |
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135 p. |
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| Tags: |
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Non-fiction, Art, Philosophy, Society & State |
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What Is Religion? |
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What Is Religion? is one of Tolstoy’s final and most comprehensive statements on faith and morality. In this work, he defines true religion as a personal, inner relationship with the divine—expressed through love, truth, and service to others—rather than adherence to dogma, ritual, or institutional authority. He contrasts genuine faith with the hypocrisy of organized churches, which he believed corrupted Christ’s simple moral teaching. |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
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1902 |
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| Reference: |
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The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 24 |
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| Extent: |
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32 p. |
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| Tags: |
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Non-fiction, Religion, Philosophy |
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What Is to Be Done? |
| Description: |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
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1906 |
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| Reference: |
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The Russian Revolution |
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| Extent: |
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7 p. |
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| Tags: |
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Non-fiction, Society & State |
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What Shall We Do Then? |
| Description: |
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What Shall We Do Then? is Tolstoy’s urgent moral and social critique, written after he confronted the extreme poverty in Moscow. Disturbed by the contrast between wealthy elites and starving peasants, he asks how a moral person should live in such a society. Rejecting charity that preserves inequality, Tolstoy calls for personal renunciation of luxury, honest labor, and direct service to those in need. |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
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1886 |
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| Reference: |
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The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 17 |
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| Extent: |
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207 p. |
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| Tags: |
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Non-fiction, Philosophy, Society & State, Autobiographical |
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Where Is the Way Out? |
| Description: |
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An article written in 1900, in six chapters, about the vicious cycle of state violence. |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
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1900 |
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| Reference: |
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The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 23 |
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| Extent: |
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9 p. |
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| Tags: |
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Non-fiction, Society & State |
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Why People Become Intoxicated |
| Description: |
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Why People Become Intoxicated is a moral and philosophical essay in which Tolstoy examines the reasons people turn to alcohol and other intoxicants. He argues that intoxication is not simply a vice or habit, but a deliberate escape from moral awareness and spiritual responsibility. According to Tolstoy, people drink to silence their conscience and avoid confronting the emptiness or contradictions in their lives. He condemns intoxication as a barrier to true human development and social progress, calling for moral clarity, self-restraint, and the rejection of all forms of self-deception. |
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PDF
EPUB |
| Date: |
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1890 |
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| Reference: |
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The complete works of Count Tolstoy. Vol. 19 |
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| Extent: |
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14 p. |
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| Tags: |
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Non-fiction, Philosophy, Society & State |
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